The concept of dramaturgical perspective :
The dramaturgical perspective, introduced by sociologist Erving Goffman in his 1959 work The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, provides a theatrical framework for analyzing social interactions. By likening everyday activities to performances on a stage, this perspective offers profound insights into how individuals present themselves and manage impressions in various social contexts.

Core Concepts of the Dramaturgical Perspective:

1. Front Stage and Back Stage Behavior:
   • Front Stage: This is where individuals perform roles in public settings, adhering to societal norms to shape the perceptions of others.
     • Example: A teacher delivering a lecture maintains a professional demeanor, uses formal language, and dresses appropriately to convey authority and knowledge.
   • Back Stage: In private settings, individuals can relax and express aspects of themselves that might be suppressed in public.
     • Example: The same teacher, in the faculty lounge, might share personal anecdotes or express frustrations with colleagues, revealing a more candid side.
2. Impression Management: This involves individuals controlling the information they present to influence how they are perceived.
   • Example: During a job interview, a candidate carefully chooses words, attire, and body language to project confidence and competence, aiming to create a favorable impression on the interviewer.
3. Roles and Scripts: Social life consists of predefined roles and scripts that guide behavior in specific contexts.
   • Example: In a courtroom, the judge, attorneys, and witnesses each have distinct roles with expected behaviors and language, following a script that maintains the decorum of legal proceedings.
4. Teams and Performance: Individuals often collaborate to maintain a consistent and convincing performance.
   • Example: Restaurant staff work together to provide seamless service; while servers interact with customers (front stage), kitchen staff prepare meals out of sight (back stage), collectively ensuring a positive dining experience.

Enhancing Understanding of Everyday Life:

By applying the dramaturgical perspective, we gain a deeper appreciation of the complexities inherent in social interactions:

• Context-Dependent Behavior: Recognizing that individuals adjust their performances based on the social setting and audience helps explain variations in behavior across different situations.
• Identity as a Performance: Understanding that aspects of identity are performed roles challenges the notion of a fixed self, highlighting the fluidity and adaptability of personal presentation.
• Social Norms and Expectations: The perspective illuminates how societal norms shape behavior, as individuals strive to meet expectations associated with their roles.
• Interpersonal Dynamics: It sheds light on the collaborative nature of social life, where individuals work together, consciously or unconsciously, to sustain shared realities and avoid disruptions.

In essence, Goffman’s dramaturgical perspective offers a rich framework for dissecting the performative elements of social life, revealing the strategic and collaborative efforts individuals employ to navigate their social worlds.